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Can I Consolidate My Arizona Family Court Matters?

Often times I meet with prospective clients who for example have filed for a modification of child support (simplified) and while that matter is pending the other party or they themselves file for modification of another family law issue, be it custody or parenting time for example. People in this situation often ask if it possible to consolidate both matters together so they are heard by the court at once instead of on two separate occasions.   

Rule 5, Arizona Rules of Family Law Procedure, (“ARFLP”), states in relevant part:

[w]hen actions within the scope of these rules involving a common child, common parties, or a common question of law or fact, are pending before the court, the court may order a joint hearing or trial of any or all the matters in issue in the actions or order all the actions consolidated, and the court may make such orders concerning proceedings therein to avoid unnecessary costs or delay or to serve in the best interest of a minor child.

Therefore, in accordance with the ARFLP, if your Arizona family court matter is one qualifying for consolidation, you have the right to request of the court that both or all issues be heard together at once. As the rule indicates though, the court may deny such consolidation if to do so would not serve the best interest of a minor child. One example where the best interest of the minor child may not be served by consolidation is when a pending petition for modification of child support which asks for an increased monthly amount is before the court in concert with another request, for instance a modification of child custody and/or parenting time.

In this circumstance, it generally will take the court much longer to hear the matters related to child custody and/or parenting time and if child support is to be adjusted and/or increased then the child’s best interest would not be served by delaying that matter to be heard in conjunction with the custody or parenting time issues. This is merely one example and many others should be considered prior to asking the court to consolidate your family law matters. For this reason it is suggested that you contact an experienced Arizona family law attorney or Ryan M. Reppucci at the law firm of Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC to discuss the specifics of your case before making such request of the court.

In Maricopa County, Arizona, What is a Family Law Settlement Conference?

A settlement conference is an alternative dispute resolution mechanism that the Court will generally appoint and refer parties to partake in prior to a trial or evidentiary hearing. All pre and post decree dissolution cases, paternity and maternity matters, as well as grandparent visitation matters are eligible for referral for a settlement conference.

A Judge Pro Tempore is appointed by the court to conduct the conference and is likewise provided with the authority to enter stipulated orders pursuant to Rules 66 and 67, Arizona Rules of Family Law Procedure (“ARFLP). A Judge Pro Tempore is a neutral attorney who is court appointed to perform specific duties for the courts based on their experience and qualifications. Unlike a parenting conference, parties are allowed and advised to bring counsel with them to this conference. The experienced family law attorneys at Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC provide reliable, proven, and discounted representation for settlement conferences.

During this pre-trial meeting, the Judge Pro Tempore will act as a neutral facilitator, who will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of both sides in efforts to assist the parties in reaching agreement(s). At a settlement conference, be prepared to provide a general description of the issues in the case, including your views; explain all previous negotiations and results; discuss the possible consequences if your case proceeds to trial; bring relevant financial, property, debt, and income information; bring any other relevant information for discussion, and communicate your needs fully, honestly, and respectfully with the judge pro tempore and the other party and/or their counsel.

If full or partial agreements are reached during the conference, then the ADR office will alert the assigned judge that the parties participated in a settlement conference and a full or partial agreement was reached. Keep in mind that a trial date may be vacated only if full agreements have been reached, resolving all matters.

This is just a basic overview of the settlement conference process. For more information it is suggested that you meet with an experienced Arizona family law attorney. Our law firm is well versed in settlement conference procedure and can be reached directly at 602-515-0841.

What Items Must I Disclose In My Arizona Family Law Case?

First and foremost, today’s Blog post, although highly informative is extremely dense and better described as boring. With this stated, if you are a party to a Family Law matter in Arizona and your case requires disclosure, then I would recommend the following as a must read.

Rule 49, Arizona Rules of Family Law Procedure (“ARFLP”) govern disclosure and discovery practice in Arizona Family court matters.  Rule 49 sets forth that the requirements of the Rule are minimum disclosure requirements for every family law case. Unless otherwise provided for in the Rule or agreed to by the parties, within forty (40) days after the filing of a response to an initial petition, each party shall disclose in writing to every other party the information set forth below:

A. Resolution Statement. Each party shall disclose a written Resolution Statement in a form that substantially complies with Rule 97, Form 4 or 5, as applicable, setting forth any agreements and a specific, detailed position the party proposes to resolve all issues in the case, without argument in support of the position.

B. Child Support. In a case in which child support is an issue, each party shall disclose the following information:

1. a fully completed Affidavit of Financial Information on a form substantially in compliance with Rule 97, Form 2;

2. proof of income of the party from all sources, specifically including complete tax returns, W-2 forms, 1099 forms, and K-1 forms, for the past two (2) completed calendar years, and year-to-date income information for the current calendar year, including, but not limited to, year-to-date pay stub, salaries, wages, commissions, bonuses, dividends, severance pay, pensions, interest, trust income, annuities, capital gains, social security benefits, worker’s compensation benefits, unemployment insurance benefits, disability insurance benefits, recurring gifts, prizes, and spousal maintenance;

3. proof of court-ordered child support and spousal maintenance actually paid by the party in any case other than the one in which disclosure is being provided;

4. proof of all medical, dental, and vision insurance premiums paid by the party for any child listed or referenced in the petition; 

5. proof of any child care expenses paid by the party for any child listed or referenced in the petition;

6. proof of any expenses paid by the party for private or special schools or other particular education needs of a child listed or referenced in the petition; and

7. proof of any expenses paid by the party for the special needs of a gifted or handicapped child listed or referenced in the petition.

C. Spousal Maintenance and Attorneys’ Fees and Costs. If either party has requested an award of spousal maintenance or an award of attorneys’ fees and costs, each party shall disclose the following information:

1. a fully completed Affidavit of Financial Information on a form substantially in compliance with Rule 97, Form 2; and

2. those documents set forth in subdivision B(2) above.

D. Property. Unless the parties have entered into a written agreement disposing of all property issues in the case, or no property is at issue in the case, each party shall provide to the other the following information in every action for dissolution of marriage or for legal separation:

1. copies of all deeds, deeds of trust, purchase agreements, escrow documents, settlement sheets, and all other documents that disclose the ownership, legal description, purchase price and encumbrances of all real property owned by any party;

2.copies of all monthly or periodic bank, checking, savings, brokerage and security account statements in which any party has or had an interest for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition and through the date of the disclosure;

3. copies of all monthly or periodic statements and documents showing the value of all pension, retirement, stock option, and annuity balances, including Individual Retirement Accounts, 401(k) accounts, and all other retirement and employee benefits and accounts in which any party has or had an interest for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition and through the date of the disclosure, or if no monthly or quarterly statements are available during this time period, the most recent statements or documents that disclose the information;

4. copies of all monthly or periodic statements and documents showing the cash surrender value, face value, and premiums charged for all life insurance policies in which any party has an interest for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition and through the date of the disclosure, or if no monthly or quarterly statements are available for this time period, the most recent statements or documents that disclose the information;

5. copies of all documents that may assist in identifying or valuing any item of real or personal property in which any party has or had an interest for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition, including any documents that the party may rely upon in placing a value on any item of real or personal property;

6. copies of all business tax returns, balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and all documents that may assist in identifying or valuing any business or business interest for the last two (2) completed calendar or fiscal years with respect to any business or entity in which any party has or had an interest; and

7. a list of all items of personal property, including, but not limited to, household furniture, furnishings, antiques, artwork, vehicles, jewelry and similar items in which any party has an interest, together with the party’s estimate of current fair market value (not replacement value) for each item.

E. Debts. Unless the parties have entered into a written agreement disposing of all debt issues in the case, each party shall provide to the other the following information in every action for dissolution of marriage or for legal separation:

1. copies of all monthly or periodic statements and documents showing the balances owing on all mortgages, notes, liens, and encumbrances outstanding against all real property and personal property in which the party has or had an interest for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition and through the date of the disclosure, or if no monthly or quarterly statements are available during this time period, the most recent statements or documents that disclose the information; and

2. copies of credit card statements and debt statements for all months for the period commencing six (6) months prior to the filing of the petition and through the date of the disclosure.

F. Disclosure of Witnesses. Each party shall disclose names, addresses, and telephone numbers of any witness whom the disclosing party expects to call at trial, along with a statement fairly describing the substance of each witness’s expected testimony. A party shall not be allowed to call a witness who has not been disclosed at least sixty (60) days before trial, or such different period as may be ordered by the court.

G. Disclosure of Expert Witnesses. Each party shall disclose the name and address of each person whom the disclosing party expects to call as an expert witness at trial, the subject matter on which the expert is expected to testify, the substance of the facts and opinions to which  the expert is expected to testify, a summary of the grounds for each opinion, the qualifications of the witness, and the name and address of the custodian of copies of any reports prepared by the expert. A party shall not be allowed to call an expert witness who has not been disclosed at least sixty (60) days before trial or such different period as may be ordered by the court.

H. Continuing Duty to Disclose. The duty described in this rule shall be a continuing duty, and each party shall make additional or amended disclosures whenever new or different information is discovered or revealed. Such additional or amended disclosures shall be made not more than thirty (30) days after the information is revealed to or discovered by the disclosing party.

I. Additional Discovery. Nothing in the minimum requirements of this rule shall preclude relevant additional discovery on request by a party in a family law case, in which case further discovery may proceed as set forth in Rule 51.

For help with preparation of disclosure items listed above or for further clarification of the items listed above or for questions regarding any other Arizona Family Law matter please contact Attorney Ryan M. Reppucci of the Discount Law Firm of Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC at 602-515-0841.  

Can Overtime Be Factored Into Gross Income For Arizona Child Support Calculations?

In Arizona, child support amount(s) are determined by the Arizona Child Support Guidelines (“Guidelines”), effective January 1, 2005. The purpose of the guidelines “are to establish a standard of support for children consistent with the reasonable needs of children and the ability of parents to pay.” See Guidelines ¶ 1.

In factoring child support, among other considerations, the Guidelines look to each parties gross income coupled with the amount of court awarded parenting time. ¶ 5 of the Guidelines lays out a rather lengthy definition and calculation for determining “Gross Income.” Parties often want to know, in addition to the standard definition for Gross Income, can income from overtime and/or a second job be added to a parties Gross Income total?

In answer to this question, the Guidelines make clear that “[g]enerally, the court should not attribute income greater than what would have been earned from full-time employment.” The idea seems to be then that each parent should have the choice of working additional hours through overtime or at a second job without increasing the child support award. However, as explained below, sometimes this is not the case.

A clever and somewhat promising argument for attributing overtime and second job income into a parties gross total is that if that or those overtime and/or second job income is or has been historically earned from a regular schedule and is anticipated to continue much the same in the future, then the court may consider those amounts as actual income earned even though the adjusted amount would be greater than would have been earned by standard full time employment.

If you find yourself in a child support case in Arizona and overtime and/or second job income is apparent, it is strongly suggested that you meet with an experienced family law attorney. By meeting with an experienced family law attorney versed on the subject you may be able to better present reasons to the court why a standard income figure should be increased to include monies received from overtime and/or a second job.

For more information on this or any other Arizona Family Law matter, contact Ryan M. Reppucci at the discount Family Law Firm of Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC at 602-515-0841.

Legal Overview Regarding Arizona Jurisdictional Requirements, Grounds for Dissolution of Marriage (Divorce), and Expected Issues Which May Arise.

In Arizona, Dissolution of Marriage (“Divorce”) is governed by relevant sections of Title 25, Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”). In particular, A.R.S. § 25-311 states that Arizona Superior Court’s are vested with original jurisdiction to hear and decide all matters pertaining to Divorce actions. In order for a Divorce action to be brought in a Superior Court, A.R.S. § 25-312 expresses that at the time the Divorce action is commenced, one of the parties to that action must have been domiciled in the State of Arizona for at least ninety (90) days prior to commencement of the action. “Domicile” is considered to mean that of being a permanent resident in a particular jurisdiction. For instance, a party to a Divorce action that is domiciled in Maricopa County, Arizona would have to commence the Divorce action in a Superior Court located within that county. The Domicile requirement is without regard to where the parties marriage occurred.

Arizona is considered a “no fault” State with regard to Divorce actions. For example, in Arizona, pursuant to A.R.S. § 25-316 one party to a Divorce must only demonstrate to the Court that the marriage is “irretrievably broken with no reasonable prospect of reconciliation.”

Parties to a Divorce action in Arizona must also be aware that Arizona is a community property jurisdiction. This means, that but for few exceptions, all property and/or debts acquired by the parties during the course of their marriage are subject to equitable division and allocation. Equitable is known to mean as close to 50/50 as possible. It should also be noted that property and/or debt acquired outside of the State of Arizona during the marriage is likewise subject to community property principals. Meaning that in determining equitable apportionment of marital property and/or debts, Arizona courts will characterize any assets and/or liabilities as if they were incurred in the State of Arizona. By doing this, Arizona courts can adhere to community property principals in equitably diving otherwise community property and/or liabilities equitably or as close to 50/50 as possible.

There are many other issues that may arise during the course of a Divorce action in Arizona. For instance, if the parties have children, then custody will be determined by the Court through application of the “best interest” factors listed in A.R.S. §§ 25-103, 25-403, and 25-403.03. Without too much explanation, it is the public policy of the State of Arizona, that absent evidence to the contrary, that it is in a child’s best interest to have substantial, frequent, meaningful and continuing parenting time with both parents. That both parents participate in decision-making about the child. Simply put, there is a presumption of joint custody in Arizona as related to child custody issues.

When children are involved in a Divorce action, in addition to child custody, the parties must be aware of Arizona child support laws. In calculating child support, Arizona courts must comply with the Arizona Child Support Guidelines. Without too much detail on this subject, child support will be factored using each parties gross monthly income(s), parenting time awarded, and other relevant and/or authorized deductions. There is an online calculator that can be used by parties to a Divorce action in Arizona to determine a preliminary child support amount.  

As a final consideration to Divorce actions in Arizona, parties must be aware of and consider the possibility of spousal maintenance or alimony. A.R.S. § 25-319 governs the issue of spousal maintenance and set forth several factors for the Court to consider in making a finding for or against such award. Unlike child support however, there is no spousal maintenance calculator and therefore judges are often left with the task of subjectively identifying an appropriate amount and duration based upon the relevant factors listed in A.R.S. § 25-319.

The above listed items should in no way be construed as an exclusive list of all issues and/or matters that can be expected to arise in a divorce action in Arizona. However, the above content is meant to provide a basic overview of the main issues that generally arise in Divorce actions in Arizona. In addition to these general issues, there are many procedural requirements and/or paths that parties can employ throughout a Divorce action in Arizona. For more information on Divorce procedure, please contact me direct.  

For more detailed answers, it is suggested that you contact an experienced Arizona family law attorney to discuss the specifics of your unique and individual matter prior to commencing a Divorce action in Arizona.

After reading this legal opinion / overview if you are left with unanswered questions or concerns, it is strongly suggested that you contact me direct so that we can speak at further length about your particular matter.

What Can I Do In Arizona If Someone Is Violating The Terms Of A Parenting Agreement?

In Arizona, if a party to a valid parenting agreement ordered by the court or through a Rule 69 Agreement is, has, or continues to violate the terms of a parenting plan agreement, then the non breaching party may be entitled to intervention from the court.

In particular, A.R.S. § 25-414 provides:

If the court, based on a verified petition and after it gives reasonable notice to an alleged violating parent and an opportunity for that person to be heard, finds that a parent has refused without good cause to comply with a visitation or parenting time order, the court shall do at least one of the following:

  1. Find the violating parent in contempt of court.
  2. Order visitation or parenting time to make up for the missed sessions.
  3. Order parent education at the violating parent’s expense.
  4. Order family counseling at the violating parent’s expense.
  5. Order civil penalties of not to exceed one hundred dollars for each violation. The court shall transmit monies collected pursuant to this paragraph each month to the county treasurer. The county treasurer shall transmit these monies monthly to the state treasurer for deposit into the alternative dispute resolution fund established by section 12-135.
  6. Order both parents to participate in mediation or some other appropriate form of alternative dispute resolution at the violating parent’s expense.
  7. Make any other order that may promote the best interests of the child or children involved.

Within twenty-five days of service of the petition the court shall hold a hearing or conference before a judge, commissioner or person appointed by the court to review noncompliance with a visitation or parenting time order.

In addition to any hearing that may be held by the Court, court costs and attorney fees incurred by the nonviolating parent associated with the review of noncompliance with a visitation or parenting time order shall be paid by the violating parent. In the event the custodial parent prevails, the court in its discretion may award court costs and attorney fees to the custodial parent.

It is strongly suggested that you meet with an experienced Arizona Family Law Attorney prior to filing your Petition with the Court pursuant to 25-414 so that the attorney can better determine whether you have enough documentary or testimonial evidence to demonstrate that the other party is in fact in breach of the parenting agreement. I say this because if such claim is brought and you ultimately cannot demonstrate with reasonable sufficiency to the Court that the other party is in fact in breach, then you may be ordered to reimburse to the other party their reasonably attorney fees and costs pursuant to A.R.S. §§ 25-324 and 25-414.

The experienced Arizona family law attorneys at the Law Firm of Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC can guide you through this or any other family law process. Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC is a discount boutique law firm that provides free consultations and many payment options to both potential and current clients. For more information please contact attorney Ryan M. Reppucci at 602-515-0841.

In Arizona Custody Cases, Can The Court Interview My Children?

The short answer is yes depending upon the age and development of the child requested to be interviewed. Rule 12, Arizona Rules of Family Law Procedure, (“ARFLP”), states:

[o]n motion of any party, or its own motion, the court may, in its discretion, conduct an in camera interview with a minor child who is the subject of a custody or parenting time dispute, to ascertain the child’s wishes as to the child’s custodian and as to parenting time. The interview may be conducted at any stage of the proceeding and shall be recorded by a court reporter or any electronic medium that is retrievable in perceivable form. The record of the interview may be sealed, in whole or in part, based upon good cause and after considering the best interests of the child. The parties may stipulate that the record of the interview shall not be provided to the parties or that the interview may be conducted off the record.

In addition to the ARFLP provision set forth above:

Arizona Revised Statutes § 25-405 allows for an in camera interview of a child to ascertain the child’s wishes as to the child’s custodian and as to parenting time. A record of the proceeding will be kept to ensure the integrity of the process, to allow for rebuttal information in appropriate cases, and to provide for appropriate appellate review. The definition of “record” is derived from A.R.S. § 25-1010(E).

It must be noted that an interview of child can go a long way in determining the child’s wishes, but that is just one factor the court will consider of many when making a determination regarding child custody. For a complete list of factors the court will consider in rendering a child custody decision review A.R.S. § 25-403.

It is sometimes a risky proposition in a custody battle to insist that a child be interviewed. For this reason it is strongly suggested that you meet with an experienced Arizona family attorney who can better provide you pros and cons prior to motioning the court. The law firm of Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC is a discount Phoenix based family law firm that can assist you in this process. Please contact at 602-515-0841 to schedule your free consultation today. Remember, we are open on the weekends and take phone calls 24 hours a day.

Physical, Mental and Vocational Evaluations of Persons In Arizona Family Court Cases

Rule 63, Arizona Rules of Family Law Procedure, (“ARFLP”) provides authorization, in certain situations, for the court to order that a party to a Family Court action submit to a physical, mental or vocational evaluation.

Rule 63, expresses that, with regard to Arizona Family Law Cases, when the mental, physical, or vocational condition of a party or any other person is in controversy, the court may order that person to submit to a physical, mental, or vocational evaluation by a designated expert or to produce for evaluation the person in the party’s custody or legal control.

The order may be made only on motion for good cause shown and upon notice to the person to be evaluated (unless the person to be evaluated is a minor child of one or both of the parties), and to all parties and shall specify the time, place, manner, conditions, and scope of the evaluation and the person or persons by whom it is to be made. The person to be evaluated shall have the right to have a representative present during the evaluation, unless the presence of that representative may adversely affect the outcome of the evaluation.

Rule 63 can be an invaluable mechanism in custody cases where the physical or mental health of one or more of the parties is in question. Meaning that in some way, the requesting party believes that another’s ability to “parent” because of mental or physical defects is paramount to the court’s custody determination. This Rule should not be employed in all cases, nor used to simply harass a party. There are very limited and specific reasons why requests should be made under Rule 63. For more information on whether your case warrants relief under Rule 63, it is strongly suggested that you meet with an experienced Arizona Family Lawyer prior to filing such request.

Finally, Rule 63 provides very specific requirements both procedurally and timing that must be met in using or suggesting evaluators to conduct such examinations. For this reason it is again urged that prior to making this request with the Court, that one meet with an experienced Arizona Family Law Attorney.

Having used Rule 63 many times and in many cases, Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC can assist during your free consultation in determining whether your desired Rule 63 request is reasonable. Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC, Arizona’s 24 Hour Family Law Firm can be contacted at 602-515-0841 or by visiting www.familyattorneys-arizona.com  

Applying for Temporary Orders In My Arizona Family Law Case

In Arizona, parties to many family law actions can file for temporary orders with the court. Because court calendar’s are often over loaded, it can take several months for a final trial to take place. Therefore, temporary orders requests will allow the parties to an action some stability in the interim by having the court set temporary orders which will have the same force and affect as a final order of the court until later modified, if at all.

A.R.S. §§ 25-404 and 25-411 governs temporary orders requests in Arizona. In particular, 25-404 states:

A party to a custody proceeding may move for a temporary custody order. This motion must be supported by pleadings as provided in section 25-411. The court may award temporary custody under the standards of section 25-403 after a hearing, or, if there is no objection, solely on the basis of the pleadings.

B. If a proceeding for dissolution of marriage or legal separation is dismissed, any temporary custody order is vacated unless a parent or the child’s custodian moves that the proceeding continue as a custody proceeding and the court finds, after a hearing, that the circumstances of the parents and the best interest of the child require that a custody decree be issued.

C. If a custody proceeding commenced in the absence of a petition for dissolution of marriage or legal separation is dismissed, any temporary custody order thereby is vacated.

The above statute sets out the very basics for when temporary orders may be requested. However, 25-411 sets forth in detail how a requesting party should request temporary orders with the court and what items must be included in such request.

Temporary orders can be a tricky and often times stressful subject for pro per (unrepresented) parties to grasp. Therefore, it is recommended that before filing for temporary orders with the court, you first meet with an experienced Arizona discount Family Law Attorney at Ariano & Reppucci, PLLC.

For more information on this or any other Arizona family law matter, please contact, the author at 602-515-0841 or visit other author blog posts at www.familyattorneys-arizona.com.

Spousal Maintenance In Arizona: Rehabilitative or Something More?

For some time now, there has been a debate in Arizona regarding the purpose of spousal maintenance. The positions are; 1) indefinite vs. 2) rehabilitative maintenance. There are several Arizona cases which speak directly to this issue, in my opinion, some are more useful than others. See Lindsay v. Lindsay, 115 Ariz. 322, 565 P.2d 199 (1979); Schroeder v. Schroeder, 161 Ariz. 316, 778 P.2d 1212 (1989).

The above referenced cases are useful in fleshing out reasoning for why courts in recent times have and continue to appear to lean in the direction of fixing duration of spousal maintenance orders in order to require a receiving spouse to attain some level of financial independence.

In fact, later cases have defined rehabilitative maintenance as that “which is awarded for a short duration with specific purpose of enabling job training or other means of entering or advancing in the work force. See Steinle v. Van Dyke, 183 Ariz. 268, 902 P.2d 1372 (1995).

It must be noted that although the trend may be for rehabilitative maintenance orders, the fact is that A.R.S. 25-319 takes into consideration several factors, which if demonstrated, may be used by a party seeking maintenance to attack the rehabilitative theory. One such factor being because of the age of the receiving spouse, he/she cannot ever seek financial independence, and therefore could never be “rehabilitated.”

It clear that not all spousal maintenance orders serve identical values and each case is unique by its own set of facts and circumstance. Therefore, if you are seeking establishment, modification, or termination of spousal maintenance I would strongly suggest that you meet with an experienced Arizona family law attorney who can help you navigate this jungle.

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