When Is Supervised Visitation Appropriate?

When a couple that has children together decides to divorce, they must create a parenting plan for approval by the court. Every parenting plan is unique to the specific circumstances of each divorce and is designed to prioritize the “best interests of the children.” Because of the priority placed upon the child’s best interests, some cases may result in one parent being granted supervised visitation to ensure that the children stay safe during their visits.

Supervised visitation can occur for a variety of reasons. Whether you’re the parent assigned supervised visitation, or you’re the parent requesting it from the court, it’s important to know how third-party supervised visitation works and when it is appropriate.

Parenting Time and Its Different Forms in Arizona

In the state of Arizona, parenting time refers to the ability of the noncustodial parent to be able to spend time with their child. Parenting time, which is more commonly known as visitation, comes in three main forms:

Supervised Visitation

Supervised visitation is a form of parenting time where a child and parent can still meet, but their visit is supervised by a third party. This individual works as a chaperone, ensuring the children are comfortable and safe throughout the visit. This type of visitation helps to eliminate potential threats or dangers that could occur if parent and child were alone.

Supervised visitation is often granted when the court believes a child could still benefit from seeing their other parent, but they want to ensure the child’s safety in that situation by adding a neutral entity.

Unsupervised Visitation

Unsupervised visitation is granted to parents when the court believes it is beneficial for the children to spend time with their noncustodial parent. In most cases of unsupervised visitation, the parent has a healthy relationship with their children, and they don’t require a third party to supervise. Unsupervised visitation can come in multiple forms, such as scheduled overnight visits or spending a day with the parent every other weekend.

Therapeutic Visitation

Therapeutic visitation is a form of supervised visitation where a parent and child meet with a therapist regularly. This type of visitation is often assigned in hopes of helping reconstruct a damaged relationship between a parent and their child. With the help of a qualified therapist, parents and their children can meet in a constructive environment to discuss their feelings and mend their relationship slowly.

How Is Parenting Time Determined in Arizona?

It is the court’s duty to make decisions it believes are in the best interests of the children involved. This means that when approving or creating a parenting plan and assigning parenting time, a judge will consider a variety of factors that could impact the children. Some of the factors the Arizona family court will take into consideration when determining parenting time include the following:

The physical and mental health of each parent
The physical and mental health of each child
The parent-child relationships
The ages of the children
If a parent is able to care for the child properly
If a parent is able to provide a stable, safe home or environment for the child to stay in
If there is a history of abuse or violence with the child or other parent
The preferences of a child (if they’re at a suitable age and the court deems them able to intelligently decide upon a preference)
If a parent has substance abuse issues

When Is Supervised Visitation Used in Arizona?

The purpose of supervised visitation is to ensure that children stay safe while remaining able to see their other parent. A judge can order supervised visitation due to multiple different circumstances, including the following:

There is a history of abuse or domestic violence by the parent
There is a history of substance abuse, or substance abuse is believed to be ongoing
A parent is mentally ill and presents a potential danger to the child
A parent attempted to hide or kidnap their child from the other parent
A parent succeeded in hiding or kidnapping their child from the other parent
A parent is attempting to restore their relationship with their child
The judge has sufficient reason to believe the parent can be a potential threat or danger to the child if they are left alone

How Supervised Visitation Works

After a supervised visitation order has been implemented, both parents will be required to follow the terms of that order moving forward. During supervised visitation, parents will first exchange their child either at a court-appointed location or a location agreed upon by both parents.

Some cases also require supervised exchanges, where the parents must meet with a third party or in a public place to pick up or drop off their child. From there, the visitation is required to take place in a public location. This is to add extra safety precautions for the supervisor, the parents, and the child involved.

For the duration of the visit, these general rules must be followed:

The supervisor must be always present with the parent and child
The parent should only have positive interactions with their child (i.e., no threatening, acts of punishment, or physical abuse should occur)
If the supervisor has reason to believe that the parent is under the influence of drugs or alcohol, the visit should be canceled
The parent should not gather information from the child on any matters, whether about the other parent or court issues
The parent should not talk negatively about the other parent or their family

Who Is Allowed to Supervise a Visitation?

The kind of supervisor you must schedule will depend mostly on the court’s requirements. In some cases, the noncustodial parent is allowed to have a neutral third party as their supervisor, provided a judge agrees that they can help provide a safe meeting space for the children. This could include close relatives like a grandparent or sibling, as well as a trusted family friend. In other situations, a judge may order the noncustodial parent to have some form of professional supervision. This may include a therapist, a qualified family services group, and more.

What Is the Difference Between Supervised Exchange and Visitation?

While supervised visitation is a legally ordered form of parenting time, a supervised exchange involves the process of delivering and picking up children for parenting time. If a judge orders supervised exchanges between parents, they must follow the specific terms laid out by the court when exchanging their children. In some circumstances, the judge may only require that parents meet in a public location for each exchange to help prevent issues from arising. In other situations, the court may require a neutral supervisor to be present when a child is picked up or dropped off to ensure the exchange stays amicable between parents.

Supervised exchanges can occur at an agreed-upon location, or a judge may assign a specific exchange center. There are also some cases where one or both parents do not want to see each other when the child exchange occurs. When this happens, it’s possible to make personal arrangements where the children can be transferred without the parents needing to make contact. However, this is different from court-ordered supervised exchange.

How to Get Supervised Visitation Removed

If you are a noncustodial parent who was assigned temporary supervised visitation, there is a chance that you can have the order amended. With temporary supervised visitation, the court’s hope is that the parent and child can slowly reconstruct their relationship during monitored visits until the parent is in a stable enough place to move to unsupervised visitation.

However, this can take months or even years to happen if the court and the child’s other parent have reservations about your ability to attend unsupervised visitation and keep the child safe. To request this modification to your order, you must provide sufficient evidence that significant changes in your circumstances have occurred.

If you are the custodial parent and believe that the other parent has become a danger to themselves or your child, you also have the right to request modification of your parenting plan. If you believe that the other parent should no longer have visitation rights, you’ll need to provide sufficient evidence as to why you think this is the case. Then, you can request an end to supervised visitation.

Can a Child Refuse Visitation?

Because a parenting plan is a legally binding order, parents who do not bring their children to scheduled visitations are breaking the order’s terms just as if a noncustodial parent were to skip their visit. Unfortunately, sometimes children don’t want to go to visitation or may even outright refuse.

If this occurs, it’s in your best interest to request a modification to your parenting plan through the court. Otherwise, if you continue allowing your child to skip visitations, the noncustodial parent may hold you accountable in court.

In Arizona, legislation states that a child’s preferences can influence parenting time decisions if they are considered to have “suitable maturity” regarding the matter. However, a child cannot refuse a standing visitation order, regardless of their preferences. The only way for a child to legally cease visiting their other parent is if the court modifies the parents’ custody order.

Supervised Visitation FAQs

Since supervised visitation is such a personalized aspect of a child custody order, there are often many questions regarding the process. Here are the most common.

Who Pays for Supervised Visits?

Whether you have a professional supervisor will affect whether you must pay for your supervised visits. If the court finds that the noncustodial parent requires a professional supervisor, they must pay to have the professional at their visits. Prices can range anywhere from $60 to $150+ per visit, depending on the kind of professional supervising.

Can Supervised Visitation Be Permanent?

When the court decides that a supervisor is necessary for the children’s safety, a judge implements either a temporary or permanent supervised visitation order. While it is rare, there are some instances in which a judge believes that permanent supervised visitation will be best for the child. These orders often continue until the child can reach an age sufficient to decide whether they would like to continue attending and the custodial parent can modify the order.

What Does “The Best Interests of the Child” Mean?

When dealing with any legal matters involving children, especially parenting time, it’s the responsibility of the court to always keep the best interests of the children in mind. This means that with every decision a judge makes, they must consider how it will affect the children and if that decision is what is truly best for them. The court takes the time to rigorously evaluate each case it hears to understand the children’s needs.

Who Makes Decisions for Supervised Parenting Time in Arizona?

As with most divorce matters, parents have the option to settle parenting time decisions outside of court. If the separating parents can make an amicable decision and formulate a suitable parenting plan, a judge simply needs to approve the terms they detailed. However, if the parents cannot agree, the issue will be handed over to the Arizona family court for them to make the best decision. In most situations, a judge determines the parent’s need for supervised visitation.

Your Parenting Time and Custody Attorneys in AZ

The Attorneys at The Valley Law Group understands how complex parenting time and custody cases can become. That’s why we offer professional, client-focused representation and advice for residents across Arizona looking for legal assistance.

With our team of attorneys who share multiple decades of experience, you can trust us to secure the best possible outcome in your case. To learn more about our family law services or to schedule a consultation with one of our experienced attorneys, contact The Valley Law Group today.

*Editor’s Note: This article was originally published May 7, 2021 and has been updated March 27, 2023.

Ryan Reppucci

Ryan Reppucci, Founder/Director of Legal Operations of The Valley Law Group, is recognized as one of Phoenix’s leading family law attorneys. After graduating from Arizona State with the highest honors and inclusion in America’s most prestigious student honor societies, Ryan attended the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law. His career as a law student was decorated with numerous awards, including the University of Detroit Mercy School of Law Book Award, nomination for membership in Who’s Who Among Students in American Colleges and Universities, as well as Moot Court.